Yes, it is possible. If you boot from LiveUSB, you must first mount the partition you want to recover your installed list from.
Change XY to the Actual Drive Letters of the drive you need to mount
sudo mount /dev/sdaXY /mnt
navigate to that mount point with your terminal cd command and run:
find /var/lib/dpkg/info/ -name "*.list" -type f -printf "%P\n" | awk -F'.' '{print $1}'
You can also add to that command above to save the output as a text file (Change /path/to... to the Actual Path Location you want to use):
> /path/to/save/location/installed-old-list.txt
So it would look like:
find /var/lib/dpkg/info/ -name "*.list" -type f -printf "%P\n" | awk -F'.' '{print $1}' > /path/to/save/location/installed-old-list.txt