Hello. I have the same problem and I never noticed it because I always a mic and sound splitter cable plugged into my earphone and mic socket. Here is how I fixed mine
If you are not a newbie, I will give you a shortened version of the steps I am giving below - Create a new start up with same command as the original startup sound.
• First go to startup application preferences
• Go to the start up sound (the name may differ because may have done
something to make it disappear, and I don't remember the name
correctly
)
• Then select it and then select edit.
• Go and copy the command.
• Make a new startup application by pressing start.
• Name it as you wish (I named it 'Login Sound')
• Paste the command in the command box.
• Add a comment you wish.
• Save
• Now uncheck the real startup sound and check the newly made one.
This may not seem as a solution but give it a try. I am saying this because it worked for me. 
If this does not work then copy the command and paste it in terminal and look if you have a startup sound file.