In Windows (at least Xp, 7, 10), once you are logged in as an admin, when you make any system changes, just a window (UAC) pops up asking you to confirm, without you having to enter your password.
Cannot Zorin be made to work similarly?
The pop-up window itself would be optional; the main feature is just making the user confirm the system change.
Well as has been stated many times Windows is not GNU/Linux and GNU/Linux is not Windows thankfully. This is why GNU/Linux is more secure than Windows. I suspect you are referring to the Gnome keyring. You can disable this. Pretty sure @Aravisian has recently posted on how to disable this
If you want it to act like Windows, use Windows instead. Linux is different and should be use that way. As @swarfendor437 said there's a reason why Linux is more secure than Windows, it may be annoying for some - but we are some that appreciate that way.
I get it that having to repeatedly type the password with sudo is an additional measure for physical / in person security. But for those that are not worried about that - which I think is a lot of people - how does it make it more secure?
Also, people are tempted to use shorter passwords knowing they will have to type them in so many times during a session.
You could create a root user account. It is not recommended, but it can be done.
Or you can edit etc/sudoers. But on your own risk. It is not recommended. It is best to make a backup copy before you edit the etc/sudoers file. Please be very careful and inform yourself well before you change anything here. An incorrect entry in this file can lock you out of the system.
However, editing this file only eliminates the need to enter the password in the terminal. If you want to install software via graphical programs such as Gnome Software or Synaptic, you will still be asked for a password. These queries of GUI apps would then have to be deactivated separately via polkit.
For me personally it is not an issue, and my passwords are not simple. I stick to 16 characters. Then again I can touch type which makes a difference which I learned at Secondary (High) School.
Keep in mind that using sudo is not the same thing as being logged in as an administrator. This command is only a convenient way to ask for permission one time, and is not intended to be used continuously.
Once you've entered your password, you can run sudo without having to re-type it for about 5 minutes, so it won't be too annoying:
Obviously, I recommend against this... it's a security feature. Keep in mind that every time you close the terminal window this timeout disappears. That means that on every new terminal session you still need to type your password at least once.
Using a root account is tempting... but should be used carefully, too. The intended use of that is log in as root, do whatever you need to do, then log out. So, you will still have to type a password at least once (the root user's).
By the way, all of this applies only to terminal sessions, not graphical interactions like with the Software Store. I'm not really sure how to make any of those changes there, or even if you can.
With 3-5 seconds to enter your password, and just 3 times a day, it's about 1...1.5 hours per year, almost 5...8 work days over 40 years!
Collectively, the about 33 million Linux users waste over 30...50 million hours per year typing passwords 
(unless they use much shorter passwords)
And with that out of the way, they go on to waste hundreds of millions of hours doing whatever came after the password, most of it on youtube, reddit or 4chan.
Not that it does anything to mollify someone who wants not to re-enter their password, but my user password is 16 keypresses, my encryption password is 30, and my password manager password is 22.
I'd still rather type than stay in an elevated state.