Default Audio Output Device

Some things to try, if you not done so already by yourself:

  1. try discionnecting then reconnecting the USB mic when system running to see if then detected.
  2. Try a different USB port.

Next.
In terminal type: alsamixer
Hit [F5] to show all channels.
Post a screenshot, so we can see what that tells us.

Also look for Muted channels etc as per this post: Playing music over internet Like stereo mix - #10 by zabadabadoo