There are two distinct things that can cause this.
Kernel issues: To resolve this you can try default testing on a different kernel
Graphics issues: To resolve this you can check which graphics card(s) you have and their drivers (which in some cases may necessitate changing the kernel).
Let's look at graphics, first. Are you using AMD or Nvidia or Intel?:
sudo lshw -C video
In some cases, graphics may load prior to the init of the display modules. Using nomodeset grub parameter prevents that from happening: