Yes, you can, by adding the CDROM as a deb file in your sources list. For example:
deb file:/aptoncd-mountpoint
Or
sudo mount /path/to/example.iso /media/apt
sudo apt-cdrom --no-mount -d=/media/apt add
If you prefer to not burn the .iso, you must create a mountpoint and point the iso, then add that mountpoint path as the deb file in your sources list.