I just installed Zorin OS and VirtualBox
I tried to run Windows 10 and Ubuntu in the VB with different settings.
VB logs massive, over 5000 of lines. I didn't find anything specific. I don't know how to properly deal with such massive logs.
All the time when I tried VB failed with "critical error" and almost instantly after the start.
I made a double boot on my machine. Second OS -> Ubuntu.
VB started to work from the first try.
Not really a solution, but an alternative:
Something similar was happening to me with a windows 8.1 VM today on Debian 12. The other VMs I had (openSUSE, Arch and Windows 10) gave the exact same problem
So then I tried with a different program: "gnome boxes", which from my understanding it's just an easy-to-use frontend of qemu. It worked first try and even supported the unattended install method for windows 8.1
You could try to use Gnome Boxes (will probably just show up as "Boxes" in the software store, or translated to your language if it's not english) instead of virtualbox, and see if it meets your needs