When you install it through double click, it will automatically install something called App Protection Component. However, when you run the installer through the command line you will be prompted to choose whether or not to install this:
sudo dpkg -i icaclient_23.11.0.82_amd64.deb
When I chose not to install this, the layouts continued to work normally. I don't know what it's happening underneath that would cause the layouts to break but it seems that it's specific to this software.