To avoid adding TSC parameter to grub you could try it with kernel 5.15 on your old hardware (this kernel will be supported until Dec 2026 and you will get updates until then). I read that the long boot time could be caused by kernel 6.8 and older kernel work well on this mac.
You can install kernel 5.15 with
"sudo apt install linux-headers-5.15.0-141-generic linux-image-5.15.0-141-generic linux-modules-5.15.0-141-generic linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-141-generic"
Reboot and at grub menu choose advanced options and set kernel 5.15 here.
If it works you can set this kernel to default at boot:
If it is a good solution for you and you want to have better/longer support you could switch to Linux Mint 21.3 XFCE which is completely supported until April 2027 and is based on kernel 5.15 or try LMDE 6 32bit version with kernel 6.1. Zorins support for Zorin 16 with this kernel has ended.