Did you try to boot with an older kernel? When grub menu is displayed select "Advanced options for Zorin" and choose a previous kernel to boot from.
If the grub menu usually isn't shown at boot press continuosly esc during boot to show grub.
Yes, I have already tried all of the above without any change in behavior:
Booting with older kernels via GRUB → Advanced options for Zorin (multiple previous kernels tested)
Secure Boot disabled in BIOS
Fast Boot disabled in BIOS
No Windows installed anymore (no Fast Startup involved)
System is running in UEFI mode
Bootable USB was created with balenaetcher tool on windows.
Unfortunately, GNOME still crashes immediately after login with the same
I would like to understand whether there is a non-destructive workaround or fix for GNOME on Zorin OS 17 (e.g. related to kernel, GNOME Shell, or Intel graphics), before considering a reinstall as a last resort.
My first Suggestion would be switching to Xorg but You already tried it. Depending on Your specific Hardware, You could try it with a newer Kernel. That would be an Option.
With this, I would suggest - if possible - using Rufus to create the Bootstick. But Rufus is only availabe for Windows. If You want try it, choose for Your UEFI BIOS in Rufus on the ''Partition Sheme'' Option GPT: