The Machine Check Exception most often points to Bad RAM. Have you tested your RAM?
Let's try this... in the meantime...
A moment ago, we changed "quiet splash"... we are about to do that again but more complex.
"quiet splash noapic pci=assign-busses apicmaintimer idle=poll reboot=cold,hard"
Please be careful and ensure No Typographical errors...
Ok, the RAM is the first likely cullprit - but not the only. Something in your hardware is failing a test.
It may work on Windows that is less sensitive to hardware restrictions, but on Linux, that failure can be more easily exposed.