Update and Install
Command to update your sources:
sudo apt update
Command to check for available upgrades:
apt list -u
Or:
apt list --upgradable
Command to upgrade available packages on your system:
sudo apt upgrade
Upgrade as long as existing file deletion is not necessary
sudo apt dist-upgrade
Upgrade even if existing file deletion is necessary
sudo apt full-upgrade
Installing a package using sudo apt install that is already installed will mark the package as manually installed. The command apt-mark manual will also accomplish this task. This prevents a package from being removed by sudo apt autoremove
The apt-mark command is used to mark a package. Commonly, it is used to mark a package to be held at the current version. If you mark a package as hold and then run sudo apt full-upgrade, all available packages will be upgraded except for the held packages. For example, let's say you dislike the latest version of Gimp and you wish to keep it as it is without upgrading it, but wish to upgrade your system:
sudo apt-mark hold gimp
If you change your mind later and like the latest version, you can revert with:
sudo apt-mark unhold gimp
sudo apt-mark auto package-name
sudo apt-mark manual package-name
sudo apt-add-repository ppa-example
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa-example
Command to list all currently installed applications:
apt list --installed
This command show raw dependency information for a package
sudo apt-cache depends package-name
This command shows reverse dependency information for a package
sudo apt-cache rdepends package-name
Command for broken package holding up APT:
sudo apt --fix-broken install
Command to check if a specific package is installed and give its details and depends:
dpkg -s package-name
Basic command to install a package with apt (Advanced Package Tool):
sudo apt install package-name
Basic command to install a system recommended package with apt (Advanced Package Tool - Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends package-name
To downgrade (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt install package-name=version
Command to install a package with APT and grab any needed dependencies (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt -y install package-name
Command to force install a package with APT(Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt install -f package-name
Command to reinstall a package with APT (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt install --reinstall package-name
Command to remove a package with APT (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt remove package-name
Command to remove a package with APT and remove any configuration files (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
sudo apt remove --purge package-name
Command to install a .deb package from terminal opened withing the directory containing the .deb package e.g. ~/Downloads (Applies to apt-get and aptitude the same way):
(If necessary to change directory - For example in Downloads Directory)
cd ~/Downloads
(Installation Command)
sudo dpkg -i package-name
System Management:
This command elevates you to Root Permissions but keeps the terminal in your Home Directory
sudo -s -H
or
sudo su
This command elevates you to Root permissions and elevates the terminal to top level Root directory:
sudo -i
This command spawns a root shell in the directory from which terminal is presently opened:
sudo sh
Use exit to exit the elevated terminal.
Command to show the Path of the Working Directory (Sometimes, you need to grab the path real quick):
pwd
Command for concatenate, to list the contents of a file on the standard output:
cat file.txt
Command to create a new blank document or file through CLI:
touch /home/$USER/Documents/file.txt
Command to locate a file by its specific name:
locate file-name.png
Command to find a file with terminal opened from within the searched directory:
find /home/$USER/Documents/file.txt
Command to search the contents of a given file:
grep file.txt
Commands head and tail are commands to view the first few lines or last few lines of text.
Command to compare differences between two files (USEFUL!):
diff
Example:
diff file1.ext file2.ext
Command to list directories or files contained within the directory from which the terminal was opened:
ls
Command to change directory
cd /path/to/directory
Command to make a new directory within the current directory or in the path provided in the command:
mkdir
mkdir /path/to/directory/location
Command to copy a file to same location as a back up or to a new location (EXAMPLE using config):
cp config config-bkp
Example:
cp image.png /path/to/new/location/image.png
Command to show Disk Usage:
du -sch
Command to show current date and time
date
Command to show User I.D.'s:
id
Command to show currently logged in user account:
whoami
Command to show free space on disk:
df -h
Command to show the Manual
man
man package-name
Command to show kernel version and architecture:
uname -a
uname -r
Command to add a user to a Group:
adduser user-ID
To find your Distro Name, Release and version:
lsb_release -a
Command to show free memory:
Free -m
Command to show highest to lowest CPU usage:
top
Command to show highest resource usage during boot:
system-analyze blame
Command to show user, pid, resource usage and child processes currently running:
ps auxwf
To see a list of all previously used commands (this is VERY handy when you used a command a week ago, need it now and cannot remember it):
history
To refresh or restart the terminal instance:
reset
To clear out the terminal without refreshing it:
clear
To exit from an elevated prompt (e.g. sudo -i):
exit
exit 0
#COMPRESSION AND ZIP
Tar xf
gzip /gzip -d
XRANDR COMMANDS
Command to have xrandr show display information:
xrandr
Command to disable a monitor (EXAMPLE using HDMI):
xrandr --output HDMI1 --off
Command to change resolution and resresh rate:
xrandr --output HDMI1 --mode 1024x768 --60hz
xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768
xrandr --output LVDS1 --rate 75
Command to show current monitor minimum, current and maximum resolution:
xrandr|head -1
Command to position the output of monitor in relation to a second monitor (EXAMPLE - VGA and HDMI - use actual values):
xrandr --output VGA1 --right-of HDMI1
xrandr --newmode
xrandr --addmode VGA1 1440x900
IMAGE CONVERT
From terminal opened within the directory containing the files (This command does not produce a printed output unless unsuccessful):
convert file.png file.svg
Create symlink (This command does not produce a printed output unless unsuccessful):
ln -s /path/to/file /path/to/new/location
(image or icon symlink in same directory)
ln -s file.png file-diff-name.png
Command to trace a symlink to the original file:
readlink -f symlink name
version, you'll use: